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Implementation comparison

Compare agent projects. Inspect the evidence.

Compare model support, tools, collaboration, durable execution, and operational guarantees across agent projects.

Source audit updated . Public Python releases checked on this date.

01 · Capabilities and comparison

Compare the capabilities. Expand the details.

This source audit describes the public releases and optional components linked below. “Not found” means the inspected implementation did not establish the capability. Partial cells name narrower implementations; closed components and external engines are identified explicitly.

140 capabilities25 audited comparisons

Each row compares one named capability across projects. Open a group heading for all Cayu sub-points and their public sources.

  • Yes

    Implemented in inspected code

  • Partial

    Partial or different scope

  • External

    External dependency

  • Not found

    Not established in inspected code

  • Unverified

    Not inspectable in this audit

On narrow screens, scroll the table sideways to compare all projects.

Expandable capability comparison across Cayu and Python agent projects

Expandable capability comparison across Cayu and Python agent projects
Production capabilityCayuLangGraphOpenAI AgentsPydanticAIClaude Agent SDKCrewAI

Model providers
Implemented in inspected code: Multiple provider adapters
External dependency: LangChain model adapters
Implemented in inspected code: OpenAI + LiteLLM adapter
Implemented in inspected code: Multiple provider adapters
Partial or different scope: Claude model configuration
Implemented in inspected code: Native + LiteLLM providers
Structured output
Implemented in inspected code: Schema validation + retries
Partial or different scope: LangChain model-backed schemas
Implemented in inspected code: Typed JSON output
Implemented in inspected code: Schemas + output validators
Partial or different scope: JSON schema passed to CLI
Implemented in inspected code: Task Pydantic / JSON output
Governed model failover
Implemented in inspected code: Retained selection + budget authority
Partial or different scope: Dynamic models; app failover
Partial or different scope: Model adapters; app failover
Partial or different scope: FallbackModel; caller recovery
Not inspectable in this audit: Fallback option; closed CLI
Partial or different scope: Provider adapters; app failover

Crash resume
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Implemented in inspected code: With checkpointer
Partial or different scope: Caller-persisted RunState
Partial or different scope: Snapshots / external engine
Partial or different scope: Transcript resume
Partial or different scope: Runtime + Flow checkpoints
Ambiguous-effect recovery
Implemented in inspected code: Fence + reconcile
Not established in inspected code: Unsettled tasks rerun
Not established in inspected code: No pre-effect ledger
Partial or different scope: Effect ledger; caller reconciles
Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI
Not established in inspected code: No durable start barrier

Runtime tool authority
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Application tool wrappers
Partial or different scope: Approvals + guardrails
Partial or different scope: Approval toolsets + hooks
Partial or different scope: Callbacks; CLI enforcement
Partial or different scope: Application hooks

Restart-safe approvals
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Durable interrupt only
Partial or different scope: Caller persists state
External dependency: Deferred / external
Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI
Partial or different scope: Checkpointed HITL

Dollar budget enforcement
Implemented in inspected code: Reserve + settle
Not established in inspected code
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Cost + spend limits
Not inspectable in this audit: CLI budget option
Not established in inspected code

Context recovery
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Application history hooks
Partial or different scope: OpenAI Responses compaction
Implemented in inspected code: Harness compaction
Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI
Partial or different scope: Summarization

Isolated workspaces
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Not established in inspected code
Implemented in inspected code: Docker + remote sandboxes
Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness sandboxes
Not inspectable in this audit: CLI sandbox settings
Not established in inspected code
Environment + runner contracts
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Sandbox backends
Partial or different scope: Workspaces / external engine
Not established in inspected code: CLI transport only
Not established in inspected code

Durable artifacts
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Workspace snapshots + files
Implemented in inspected code: Harness media stores
Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI
Partial or different scope: Output files only

Web search + fetch
Implemented in inspected code: Search / fetch provider adapters
External dependency: Application-supplied web tools
Partial or different scope: Hosted search; caller fetch
Implemented in inspected code: Native / local web capabilities
Partial or different scope: CLI WebSearch / WebFetch options
Implemented in inspected code: Optional search + scraping tools
Browser execution
Implemented in inspected code: Admitted stateful browser
External dependency: Application-supplied browser tools
Partial or different scope: Computer tool; caller executor
Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness browser adapters
Not inspectable in this audit: CLI / external browser execution
Implemented in inspected code: Optional Bedrock browser toolkit

Virtual credentials + egress
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Vercel network policy
Partial or different scope: Harness network controls
Not inspectable in this audit: CLI sandbox settings
Not established in inspected code

Tasks + dispatch + workers
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Graph task scheduling
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Harness tasks / external engine
Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI
Partial or different scope: Crews + Flows
Forks + subagent lineage
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Graph forks + subgraphs
Partial or different scope: Handoffs + tool agents
Partial or different scope: Harness snapshots + child lineage
Partial or different scope: Session forks + transcripts
Partial or different scope: Checkpoint branches + crews

Multi-agent coordination
Implemented in inspected code: Registered participants + sessions
Implemented in inspected code: Graph routing + subgraphs
Implemented in inspected code: Handoffs + agents as tools
Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness subagents
Partial or different scope: Subagent definitions; CLI execution
Implemented in inspected code: Coworker delegation + A2A
Durable peer requests
Implemented in inspected code: Authenticated request receipts
Partial or different scope: Checkpointed graph state
Partial or different scope: Caller-persisted RunState
Partial or different scope: Persisted child records
Not inspectable in this audit: Peer durability in closed CLI
Partial or different scope: A2A tasks + crew checkpoints

Acceptance checks + repair
Implemented in inspected code: Frozen contracts + verifier decisions
Partial or different scope: Application verification nodes
Partial or different scope: Output guardrails; app repair
Partial or different scope: Output validators + retries
Partial or different scope: Hook callbacks; CLI repair
Partial or different scope: Task guardrails + retries
Git / GitHub delivery
Implemented in inspected code: Approved Git + PR receipts
Not established in inspected code: No Git delivery owner in graph core
External dependency: Optional Codex adapter
Partial or different scope: GitHub MCP; app delivery gates
Not inspectable in this audit: Delivery runs in closed CLI
Not established in inspected code: No maintained Git delivery owner

Knowledge + memory stores
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Store + semantic search
Partial or different scope: Sessions + sandbox memory
Partial or different scope: Harness memory + provider retrieval
Partial or different scope: Transcript store; memory in CLI
Implemented in inspected code: Knowledge + unified memory

Trajectory evals + replay
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Checkpoint re-execution
Partial or different scope: Tracing
Partial or different scope: Harness live judge + evals
Not established in inspected code
Partial or different scope: Trace evals + task replay

Durable event history
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Partial or different scope: Checkpoints + pending writes
Partial or different scope: Sessions + event sinks
Implemented in inspected code: Harness step stores
Partial or different scope: Transcript mirror
Partial or different scope: Checkpoints + event replay

Self-hosted control plane
Implemented in inspected code: Built in
Not established in inspected code
Not established in inspected code
Not established in inspected code: Dev web UI
Not established in inspected code
Not established in inspected code: Flow visualization only

Source review by Codex. Capabilities require the relevant stores, policies and adapters to be configured. Linked tests are implementation evidence; this is not a comparative benchmark.

Choose for the guarantees your workload needs.

Follow the code, configuration, and deployment boundary behind each claim.

02 · The failure boundary

Recovery at a difficult boundary.

The tool acted. The result never arrived. What happens next?

  1. Tool starts

    Action authorized.
  2. World changes

    External effect.
  3. Worker dies

    Result missing.
  4. Cayu recovers

    Fence unknown effects.

A checkpoint tells you where the program was.

Cayu records the evidence needed to recover.

Kill the worker.

No silent re-execution.No invented result.Deliberate recovery boundary.

Proven in a real process-kill test

03 · Choose for the work

Choose a foundation for your domain.

What to evaluate

Look beyond the first run.

Assess each framework’s defaults, extension points, and execution guarantees against the work your agent needs to do.

Building with Cayu

Shape your agent in Python.

Assemble your domain-specific harness using Cayu’s components and defaults, with durable execution integrated into the framework.

Open-source Python framework for domain-specific long-horizon agents

Build for the long run.

Own the loop. Continue from evidence. Explain every outcome.

Compared against executable public code and tests inspected October 7, 2026. No vendor marketing claims used.