Compare agent projects. Inspect the evidence.
Compare model support, tools, collaboration, durable execution, and operational guarantees across agent projects.
Source audit updated . Public Python releases checked on this date.
Compare the capabilities. Expand the details.
This source audit describes the public releases and optional components linked below. “Not found” means the inspected implementation did not establish the capability. Partial cells name narrower implementations; closed components and external engines are identified explicitly.
Each row compares one named capability across projects. Open a group heading for all Cayu sub-points and their public sources.
- Yes
Implemented in inspected code
- Partial
Partial or different scope
- External
External dependency
- Not found
Not established in inspected code
- Unverified
Not inspectable in this audit
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Expandable capability comparison across Cayu and Python agent projects
| Production capability | Cayu | LangGraph | OpenAI Agents | PydanticAI | Claude Agent SDK | CrewAI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model providers | Implemented in inspected code: Multiple provider adapters | External dependency: LangChain model adapters | Implemented in inspected code: OpenAI + LiteLLM adapter | Implemented in inspected code: Multiple provider adapters | Partial or different scope: Claude model configuration | Implemented in inspected code: Native + LiteLLM providers |
| Structured output | Implemented in inspected code: Schema validation + retries | Partial or different scope: LangChain model-backed schemas | Implemented in inspected code: Typed JSON output | Implemented in inspected code: Schemas + output validators | Partial or different scope: JSON schema passed to CLI | Implemented in inspected code: Task Pydantic / JSON output |
| Governed model failover | Implemented in inspected code: Retained selection + budget authority | Partial or different scope: Dynamic models; app failover | Partial or different scope: Model adapters; app failover | Partial or different scope: FallbackModel; caller recovery | Not inspectable in this audit: Fallback option; closed CLI | Partial or different scope: Provider adapters; app failover |
Cayu details Continue from retained evidence after interruption or worker loss. Unknown effects stay fenced until authoritative evidence resolves them. Recovery depends on the configured stores, adapters, and execution profile. | ||||||
| Crash resume | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Implemented in inspected code: With checkpointer | Partial or different scope: Caller-persisted RunState | Partial or different scope: Snapshots / external engine | Partial or different scope: Transcript resume | Partial or different scope: Runtime + Flow checkpoints |
| Ambiguous-effect recovery | Implemented in inspected code: Fence + reconcile | Not established in inspected code: Unsettled tasks rerun | Not established in inspected code: No pre-effect ledger | Partial or different scope: Effect ledger; caller reconciles | Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI | Not established in inspected code: No durable start barrier |
Cayu details Expose useful tools under explicit runtime policy. | ||||||
| Runtime tool authority | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Application tool wrappers | Partial or different scope: Approvals + guardrails | Partial or different scope: Approval toolsets + hooks | Partial or different scope: Callbacks; CLI enforcement | Partial or different scope: Application hooks |
| Restart-safe approvals | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Durable interrupt only | Partial or different scope: Caller persists state | External dependency: Deferred / external | Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI | Partial or different scope: Checkpointed HITL |
Cayu details Bound execution and retain the evidence behind cost estimates. Runtime estimates, reservations, and reported provider charges are distinct. Guarantees require applicable pricing and configured reservation bounds. | ||||||
| Dollar budget enforcement | Implemented in inspected code: Reserve + settle | Not established in inspected code | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Cost + spend limits | Not inspectable in this audit: CLI budget option | Not established in inspected code |
| Context recovery | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Application history hooks | Partial or different scope: OpenAI Responses compaction | Implemented in inspected code: Harness compaction | Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI | Partial or different scope: Summarization |
Cayu details Own allocation, execution admission, and resource recovery. Docker and Lambda MicroVM are the maintained execution paths. Docker does not qualify as hostile-code isolation; other adapters have their own capability boundaries. | ||||||
| Isolated workspaces | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Not established in inspected code | Implemented in inspected code: Docker + remote sandboxes | Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness sandboxes | Not inspectable in this audit: CLI sandbox settings | Not established in inspected code |
| Environment + runner contracts | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Sandbox backends | Partial or different scope: Workspaces / external engine | Not established in inspected code: CLI transport only | Not established in inspected code |
Cayu details Inspect, change, retain, and hand off concrete work. | ||||||
| Durable artifacts | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Workspace snapshots + files | Implemented in inspected code: Harness media stores | Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI | Partial or different scope: Output files only |
Cayu details Search and interact with the web under application-owned boundaries. Visual publication, operator access, profile retention, and recording are separately authorized. Backend recovery does not imply preservation of live browser state. | ||||||
| Web search + fetch | Implemented in inspected code: Search / fetch provider adapters | External dependency: Application-supplied web tools | Partial or different scope: Hosted search; caller fetch | Implemented in inspected code: Native / local web capabilities | Partial or different scope: CLI WebSearch / WebFetch options | Implemented in inspected code: Optional search + scraping tools |
| Browser execution | Implemented in inspected code: Admitted stateful browser | External dependency: Application-supplied browser tools | Partial or different scope: Computer tool; caller executor | Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness browser adapters | Not inspectable in this audit: CLI / external browser execution | Implemented in inspected code: Optional Bedrock browser toolkit |
| Virtual credentials + egress | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Vercel network policy | Partial or different scope: Harness network controls | Not inspectable in this audit: CLI sandbox settings | Not established in inspected code |
Cayu details Compose independent work with durable readiness and completion policies. | ||||||
| Tasks + dispatch + workers | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Graph task scheduling | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Harness tasks / external engine | Not inspectable in this audit: Closed CLI | Partial or different scope: Crews + Flows |
| Forks + subagent lineage | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Graph forks + subgraphs | Partial or different scope: Handoffs + tool agents | Partial or different scope: Harness snapshots + child lineage | Partial or different scope: Session forks + transcripts | Partial or different scope: Checkpoint branches + crews |
Cayu details Ask, clarify, and exchange retained results across authorized participants. | ||||||
| Multi-agent coordination | Implemented in inspected code: Registered participants + sessions | Implemented in inspected code: Graph routing + subgraphs | Implemented in inspected code: Handoffs + agents as tools | Implemented in inspected code: Optional harness subagents | Partial or different scope: Subagent definitions; CLI execution | Implemented in inspected code: Coworker delegation + A2A |
| Durable peer requests | Implemented in inspected code: Authenticated request receipts | Partial or different scope: Checkpointed graph state | Partial or different scope: Caller-persisted RunState | Partial or different scope: Persisted child records | Not inspectable in this audit: Peer durability in closed CLI | Partial or different scope: A2A tasks + crew checkpoints |
Cayu details Accept work through independent checks of durable evidence. The coding product publishes patch readiness. Remote Git and GitHub delivery are separate approved layers; the connector never merges. | ||||||
| Acceptance checks + repair | Implemented in inspected code: Frozen contracts + verifier decisions | Partial or different scope: Application verification nodes | Partial or different scope: Output guardrails; app repair | Partial or different scope: Output validators + retries | Partial or different scope: Hook callbacks; CLI repair | Partial or different scope: Task guardrails + retries |
| Git / GitHub delivery | Implemented in inspected code: Approved Git + PR receipts | Not established in inspected code: No Git delivery owner in graph core | External dependency: Optional Codex adapter | Partial or different scope: GitHub MCP; app delivery gates | Not inspectable in this audit: Delivery runs in closed CLI | Not established in inspected code: No maintained Git delivery owner |
Cayu details Retrieve useful material while retaining provenance, access, and exposure evidence. | ||||||
| Knowledge + memory stores | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Store + semantic search | Partial or different scope: Sessions + sandbox memory | Partial or different scope: Harness memory + provider retrieval | Partial or different scope: Transcript store; memory in CLI | Implemented in inspected code: Knowledge + unified memory |
Cayu details Turn retained behavior into repeatable cases and reviewable comparisons. | ||||||
| Trajectory evals + replay | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Checkpoint re-execution | Partial or different scope: Tracing | Partial or different scope: Harness live judge + evals | Not established in inspected code | Partial or different scope: Trace evals + task replay |
Cayu details Inspect what ran, what remains pending, and why execution stopped. | ||||||
| Durable event history | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Partial or different scope: Checkpoints + pending writes | Partial or different scope: Sessions + event sinks | Implemented in inspected code: Harness step stores | Partial or different scope: Transcript mirror | Partial or different scope: Checkpoints + event replay |
Cayu details Build an editable application and run it on your chosen infrastructure. | ||||||
| Self-hosted control plane | Implemented in inspected code: Built in | Not established in inspected code | Not established in inspected code | Not established in inspected code: Dev web UI | Not established in inspected code | Not established in inspected code: Flow visualization only |
Source review by Codex. Capabilities require the relevant stores, policies and adapters to be configured. Linked tests are implementation evidence; this is not a comparative benchmark.
Cayu 0.9.1 8d9ac8b
Durability uses configured session, event and checkpoint stores. The process-kill test leaves an ordinary tool effect unknown, keeps the session interrupted and prevents redispatch. Approval policy, budget reservation/settlement, credential brokering and resource ownership are runtime components; their guarantees require the matching policies, durable stores, price book and adapters. Provider failover retains model selection and budget/deadline authority. Web tools and browsers require admitted adapters/environments. Collaboration stores authenticated request/answer receipts. Verified work freezes contracts and records independent verifier decisions; optional Git/GitHub connectors deliver approved changes with recovery receipts.
- Model providers and failover
- Runtime model failover
- Web execution
- Browser execution
- Durable collaboration requests
- Verified work
- Approved Git delivery
- GitHub delivery
- Recovery process-kill tests
- Tool-effect recovery
- Tool policy
- Budget ledger
- Egress authority
- Artifact contracts
- Environment contracts
- Workspace contracts
- Task contracts
- Durable subagents
- Context recovery
- Knowledge stores
- Trajectory replay
- Server implementation
LangGraph 1.2.14; checkpoint 4.2.0 in this source snapshot 70dd640
A configured checkpointer persists graph progress, pending writes and interrupts. Interrupted nodes restart from their beginning. Stores support memory and semantic search; graph state can be forked and subgraphs persisted. The inspected graph/tool execution path does not establish a general tool-effect reconciliation ledger, dollar reservations, credential broker, workspace/artifact ownership or an operations control plane. Those broader services can be supplied separately. The prebuilt agent accepts LangChain model adapters, dynamic model selection and model-backed response schemas. Send/Command routing and subgraphs coordinate graph work. Web/browser implementations are application-supplied tools outside graph core. Verification nodes, failover policy and Git delivery remain application responsibilities in this snapshot.
OpenAI Agents 0.23.1 c4a1d04
RunState serializes interrupted runs and approvals; the application must persist it. Sessions store conversation history, and sandbox backends provide workspaces and snapshots. The Vercel adapter forwards network allow/deny rules and header transforms to its provider. This credits provider-specific egress configuration without establishing a runtime-wide virtual-credential broker. The inspected function-tool execution path does not persist a general pre-effect reconciliation ledger or reserve dollar spend. Model support includes the optional LiteLLM adapter; typed output schemas, handoffs, agents as tools and output guardrails are implemented. Hosted web search is provider-backed; computer execution requires a caller-supplied computer. The optional Codex tool delegates to an external coding engine and does not establish the SDK-owned approved Git delivery contract compared here.
- Provider routing
- LiteLLM adapter
- Output schemas
- Agents and handoffs
- Hosted search and computer tools
- Computer executor interface
- Output guardrails
- Optional Codex adapter
- RunState and approvals
- Session persistence
- Tool execution
- Sandbox snapshots
- Vercel network policy
- Compaction sessions
- Sandbox memory
- Event sinks
- RunState tests
PydanticAI 2.54.0 + optional harness 0.54.0 (alpha) 6695132
The separately installed harness provides StepPersistence with file/SQLite stores, an awaited tool-start record and recovery inspection. Callers still decide how to reconcile effects and continue snapshots; Temporal, DBOS and Prefect supply workflow durability. Harness components also provide isolated sandbox backends, content-addressed media stores, compaction, memory, persisted child records and a live trajectory judge. SpendLimits blocks subsequent requests after recorded spend reaches a limit; in-flight and concurrent requests can overshoot. LocalWorkspace alone provides no isolation. Provider adapters, output validators/retries and FallbackModel are implemented. Native/local web capabilities and optional Playwright/browser-use harness adapters cover research and browser execution. Harness subagents coordinate child runs; the optional GitHub capability connects to GitHub MCP, including write tools. Those integrations do not by themselves establish frozen work acceptance or approved Git delivery receipts.
- Model provider registry
- Model fallback
- Output validation
- Web search capability
- Web fetch capability
- Playwright harness
- Browser-use harness
- Subagent tools
- GitHub MCP capability
- Step persistence
- Recovery inspection
- Durable execution adapters
- Spend limits
- Sandbox backend
- Media stores
- Compaction
- Memory stores
- Subagent ownership
- Trajectory judge
- Persistence tests
Claude Agent SDK 0.2.164 2f38c69
The public Python SDK implements permission callbacks, transcript mirroring, session stores and session mutations. It forwards resume, budget and sandbox settings to the Claude Code CLI. The CLI execution engine is outside this source audit, so its effect recovery, approval durability, budget enforcement, isolation and egress guarantees remain unverified here. This status does not assert that the product lacks those features. Model/fallback options, JSON output schemas, subagent definitions and web-tool selection are exposed by the SDK. Hook callbacks are public code; execution of web/browser tools, fallback, repair and repository delivery occurs in the CLI or external components and is not inspectable in this audit.
CrewAI 1.15.24 d5efc45
Runtime and Flow checkpoints preserve entities, event records and human feedback; checkpoint branches and task replay are implemented. Tool-start events are recorded in runtime memory, while checkpoint handlers run in a thread pool and tool execution does not await their completion. This does not establish a durable pre-effect barrier. Knowledge sources, vector storage and unified memory are implemented alongside trace evaluation. Output files and application hooks cover narrower scopes than runtime artifact and authority contracts. Native/LiteLLM provider adapters, task JSON/Pydantic output, guardrails with retries, coworker delegation and A2A task messages are implemented. Optional crewai-tools packages include search/scraping and a Bedrock browser toolkit. A2A task correlation and crew checkpoints cover narrower boundaries than authenticated durable peer requests. The inspected packages do not establish an approved Git delivery owner.
- Model provider adapters
- Task output and guardrail retries
- Coworker delegation
- A2A task messages
- Optional search tools
- Optional page scraping
- Optional Bedrock browser toolkit
- Runtime checkpoints
- Checkpoint listener
- Tool execution
- Event dispatch
- Human feedback
- Knowledge storage
- Unified memory
- Trace evaluation
- Checkpoint tests
Recovery at a difficult boundary.
The tool acted. The result never arrived. What happens next?
Tool starts
Action authorized.World changes
External effect.Worker dies
Result missing.Cayu recovers
Fence unknown effects.
A checkpoint tells you where the program was.
Cayu records the evidence needed to recover.
No silent re-execution.No invented result.Deliberate recovery boundary.
Proven in a real process-kill testChoose a foundation for your domain.
Build for the long run.
Own the loop. Continue from evidence. Explain every outcome.
Compared against executable public code and tests inspected October 7, 2026. No vendor marketing claims used.